175 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
175 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
# Zastava Runtime Operations Runbook
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This runbook covers the runtime plane (Observer DaemonSet + Admission Webhook).
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It aligns with `Sprint 12 – Runtime Guardrails` and assumes components consume
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`StellaOps.Zastava.Core` (`AddZastavaRuntimeCore(...)`).
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## 1. Prerequisites
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- **Authority client credentials** – service principal `zastava-runtime` with scopes
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`aud:scanner` and `api:scanner.runtime.write`. Provision DPoP keys and mTLS client
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certs before rollout.
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- **Scanner/WebService reachability** – cluster DNS entry (e.g. `scanner.internal`)
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resolvable from every node running Observer/Webhook.
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- **Host mounts** – read-only access to `/proc`, container runtime state
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(`/var/lib/containerd`, `/var/run/containerd/containerd.sock`) and scratch space
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(`/var/run/zastava`).
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- **Offline kit bundle** – operators staging air-gapped installs must download
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`offline-kit/zastava-runtime-{version}.tar.zst` containing container images,
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Grafana dashboards, and Prometheus rules referenced below.
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- **Secrets** – Authority OpTok cache dir, DPoP private keys, and webhook TLS secrets
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live outside git. For air-gapped installs copy them to the sealed secrets vault.
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### 1.1 Telemetry quick reference
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| Metric | Description | Notes |
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|--------|-------------|-------|
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| `zastava.runtime.events.total{tenant,component,kind}` | Rate of observer events sent to Scanner | Expect >0 on busy nodes. |
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| `zastava.runtime.backend.latency.ms` | Histogram (ms) for `/runtime/events` and `/policy/runtime` calls | P95 & P99 drive alerting. |
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| `zastava.admission.decisions.total{decision}` | Admission verdict counts | Track deny spikes or fail-open fallbacks. |
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| `zastava.admission.cache.hits.total` | (future) Cache utilisation once Observer batches land | Placeholder until Observer tasks 12-004 complete. |
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## 2. Deployment workflows
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### 2.1 Fresh install (Helm overlay)
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1. Load offline kit bundle: `oras cp offline-kit/zastava-runtime-*.tar.zst oci:registry.internal/zastava`.
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2. Render values:
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- `zastava.runtime.tenant`, `environment`, `deployment` (cluster identifier).
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- `zastava.runtime.authority` block (issuer, clientId, audience, DPoP toggle).
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- `zastava.runtime.metrics.commonTags.cluster` for Prometheus labels.
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3. Pre-create secrets:
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- `zastava-authority-dpop` (JWK + private key).
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- `zastava-authority-mtls` (client cert/key chain).
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- `zastava-webhook-tls` (serving cert; CSR bundle if using auto-approval).
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4. Deploy Observer DaemonSet and Webhook chart:
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```sh
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helm upgrade --install zastava-runtime deploy/helm/zastava \
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-f values/zastava-runtime.yaml \
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--namespace stellaops \
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--create-namespace
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```
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5. Verify:
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- `kubectl -n stellaops get pods -l app=zastava-observer` ready.
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- `kubectl -n stellaops logs ds/zastava-observer --tail=20` shows
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`Issued runtime OpTok` audit line with DPoP token type.
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- Admission webhook registered: `kubectl get validatingwebhookconfiguration zastava-webhook`.
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### 2.2 Upgrades
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1. Scale webhook deployment to `--replicas=3` (rolling).
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2. Drain one node per AZ to ensure Observer tolerates disruption.
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3. Apply chart upgrade; watch `zastava.runtime.backend.latency.ms` P95 (<250 ms).
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4. Post-upgrade, run smoke tests:
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- Apply unsigned Pod manifest → expect `deny` (policy fail).
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- Apply signed Pod manifest → expect `allow`.
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5. Record upgrade in ops log with Git SHA + Helm chart version.
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### 2.3 Rollback
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1. Use Helm revision history: `helm history zastava-runtime`.
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2. Rollback: `helm rollback zastava-runtime <revision>`.
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3. Invalidate cached OpToks:
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```sh
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kubectl -n stellaops exec deploy/zastava-webhook -- \
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zastava-webhook invalidate-op-token --audience scanner
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```
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4. Confirm observers reconnect via metrics (`rate(zastava_runtime_events_total[5m])`).
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## 3. Authority & security guardrails
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- Tokens must be `DPoP` type when `requireDpop=true`. Logs emit
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`authority.token.issue` scope with decision data; absence indicates misconfig.
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- `requireMutualTls=true` enforces mTLS during token acquisition. Disable only in
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lab clusters; expect warning log `Mutual TLS requirement disabled`.
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- Static fallback tokens (`allowStaticTokenFallback=true`) should exist only during
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initial bootstrap. Rotate nightly; preference is to disable once Authority reachable.
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- Audit every change in `zastava.runtime.authority` through change management.
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Use `kubectl get secret zastava-authority-dpop -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.revision}'`
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to confirm key rotation.
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## 4. Incident response
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### 4.1 Authority offline
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1. Check Prometheus alert `ZastavaAuthorityTokenStale`.
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2. Inspect Observer logs for `authority.token.fallback` scope.
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3. If fallback engaged, verify static token validity duration; rotate secret if older than 24 h.
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4. Once Authority restored, delete static fallback secret and restart pods to rebind DPoP keys.
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### 4.2 Scanner/WebService latency spike
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1. Alert `ZastavaRuntimeBackendLatencyHigh` fires at P95 > 750 ms for 5 minutes.
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2. Run backend health: `kubectl -n scanner exec deploy/scanner-web -- curl -f localhost:8080/healthz/ready`.
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3. If backend degraded, auto buffer may throttle. Confirm disk-backed queue size via
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`kubectl logs ds/zastava-observer | grep buffer.drops`.
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4. Consider enabling fail-open for namespaces listed in runbook Appendix B (temporary).
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### 4.3 Admission deny storm
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1. Alert `ZastavaAdmissionDenySpike` indicates >20 denies/minute.
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2. Pull sample: `kubectl logs deploy/zastava-webhook --since=10m | jq '.decision'`.
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3. Cross-check policy backlog in Scanner (`/policy/runtime` logs). Engage application
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owner; optionally set namespace to `failOpenNamespaces` after risk assessment.
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## 5. Offline kit & air-gapped notes
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- Bundle contents:
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- Observer/Webhook container images (multi-arch).
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- `docs/ops/zastava-runtime-prometheus-rules.yaml` + Grafana dashboard JSON.
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- Sample `zastava-runtime.values.yaml`.
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- Verification:
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- Validate signature: `cosign verify-blob offline-kit/zastava-runtime-*.tar.zst --certificate offline-kit/zastava-runtime.cert`.
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- Extract Prometheus rules into offline monitoring cluster (`/etc/prometheus/rules.d`).
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- Import Grafana dashboard via `grafana-cli --config ...`.
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## 6. Observability assets
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- Prometheus alert rules: `docs/ops/zastava-runtime-prometheus-rules.yaml`.
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- Grafana dashboard JSON: `docs/ops/zastava-runtime-grafana-dashboard.json`.
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- Add both to the monitoring repo (`ops/monitoring/zastava`) and reference them in
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the Offline Kit manifest.
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## 7. Build-id correlation & symbol retrieval
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Runtime events emitted by Observer now include `process.buildId` (from the ELF
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`NT_GNU_BUILD_ID` note) and Scanner `/policy/runtime` surfaces the most recent
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`buildIds` list per digest. Operators can use these hashes to locate debug
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artifacts during incident response:
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1. Capture the hash from CLI/webhook/Scanner API—for example:
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```bash
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stellaops-cli runtime policy test --image <digest> --namespace <ns>
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```
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Copy one of the `Build IDs` (e.g.
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`5f0c7c3cb4d9f8a4f1c1d5c6b7e8f90123456789`).
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2. Derive the debug path (`<aa>/<rest>` under `.build-id`) and check it exists:
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```bash
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ls /var/opt/debug/.build-id/5f/0c7c3cb4d9f8a4f1c1d5c6b7e8f90123456789.debug
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```
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3. If the file is missing, rehydrate it from Offline Kit bundles or the
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`debug-store` object bucket (mirror of release artefacts):
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```bash
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oras cp oci://registry.internal/debug-store:latest . --include \
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"5f/0c7c3cb4d9f8a4f1c1d5c6b7e8f90123456789.debug"
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```
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4. Confirm the running process advertises the same GNU build-id before
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symbolising:
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```bash
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readelf -n /proc/$(pgrep -f payments-api | head -n1)/exe | grep -i 'Build ID'
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```
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5. Attach the `.debug` file in `gdb`/`lldb`, feed it to `eu-unstrip`, or cache it
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in `debuginfod` for fleet-wide symbol resolution:
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```bash
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debuginfod-find debuginfo 5f0c7c3cb4d9f8a4f1c1d5c6b7e8f90123456789 >/tmp/payments-api.debug
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```
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6. For musl-based images, expect shorter build-id footprints. Missing hashes in
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runtime events indicate stripped binaries without the GNU note—schedule a
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rebuild with `-Wl,--build-id` enabled or add the binary to the debug-store
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allowlist so the scanner can surface a fallback symbol package.
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Monitor `scanner.policy.runtime` responses for the `buildIds` field; absence of
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data after ZASTAVA-OBS-17-005 implies containers launched before the Observer
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upgrade or non-ELF entrypoints (static scripts). Re-run the workload or restart
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Observer to trigger a fresh capture if symbol parity is required.
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