# Regulator-Grade Threat & Evidence Model

## Supply-Chain Risk Decisioning Platform (Reference: “Stella Ops”)

**Document version:** 1.0
**Date:** 2025-12-19
**Intended audience:** Regulators, third-party auditors, internal security/compliance, and engineering leadership
**Scope:** Threat model + evidence model for a platform that ingests SBOM/VEX and other supply-chain signals, produces risk decisions, and preserves an audit-grade evidence trail.

---

## 1. Purpose and Objectives

This document defines:

1. A **threat model** for a supply-chain risk decisioning platform (“the Platform”) and its critical workflows.
2. An **evidence model** describing what records must exist, how they must be protected, and how they must be presented to support regulator-grade auditability and non-repudiation.

The model is designed to support the supply-chain transparency goals behind SBOM/VEX and secure software development expectations (e.g., SSDF), and to be compatible with supply-chain risk management (C‑SCRM) and control-based assessments (e.g., NIST control catalogs). 

---

## 2. Scope, System Boundary, and Assumptions

### 2.1 In-scope system functions

The Platform performs the following high-level functions:

* **Ingest** software transparency artifacts (e.g., SBOMs, VEX documents), scan results, provenance attestations, and policy inputs.
* **Normalize** to a canonical internal representation (component identity graph + vulnerability/impact graph).
* **Evaluate** with a deterministic policy engine to produce decisions (e.g., allow/deny, risk tier, required remediation).
* **Record** an audit-grade evidence package supporting each decision.
* **Export** reports and attestations suitable for procurement, regulator review, and downstream consumption.

### 2.2 Deployment models supported by this model

This model is written to cover:

* **On‑prem / air‑gapped** deployments (offline evidence and curated vulnerability feeds).
* **Dedicated single-tenant hosted** deployments.
* **Multi-tenant SaaS** deployments (requires stronger tenant isolation controls and evidence).

### 2.3 Core assumptions

* SBOM is treated as a **formal inventory and relationship record** for components used to build software. 
* VEX is treated as a **machine-readable assertion** of vulnerability status for a product, including “not affected / affected / fixed / under investigation.” 
* The Platform must be able to demonstrate **traceability** from decision → inputs → transformations → outputs, and preserve “known unknowns” (explicitly tracked uncertainty). 
* If the Platform is used in US federal acquisition contexts, it must anticipate evolving SBOM minimum element guidance; CISA’s 2025 SBOM minimum elements draft guidance explicitly aims to update the 2021 NTIA baseline to reflect tooling and maturity improvements. ([Federal Register][1])

---

## 3. Normative and Informative References

This model is aligned to the concepts and terminology used by the following:

* **SBOM minimum elements baseline (2021 NTIA)** and the “data fields / automation support / practices and processes” structure. 
* **CISA 2025 SBOM minimum elements draft guidance** (published for comment; successor guidance to NTIA baseline per the Federal Register notice). ([Federal Register][1])
* **VEX overview and statuses** (NTIA one-page summary). 
* **NIST SSDF** (SP 800‑218; includes recent Rev.1 IPD for SSDF v1.2). ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][2])
* **NIST C‑SCRM guidance** (SP 800‑161 Rev.1). ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][3])
* **NIST security and privacy controls catalog** (SP 800‑53 Rev.5, including its supply chain control family). ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][4])
* **SLSA supply-chain threat model and mitigations** (pipeline threat clustering A–I; verification threats). ([SLSA][5])
* **Attestation and transparency building blocks**:

  * in‑toto (supply-chain metadata standard). ([in-toto][6])
  * DSSE (typed signing envelope to reduce confusion attacks). ([GitHub][7])
  * Sigstore Rekor (signature transparency log). ([Sigstore][8])
* **SBOM and VEX formats**:

  * CycloneDX (ECMA‑424; SBOM/BOM standard). ([GitHub][9])
  * SPDX (ISO/IEC 5962:2021; SBOM standard). ([ISO][10])
  * CSAF v2.0 VEX profile (structured security advisories with VEX profile requirements). ([OASIS Documents][11])
  * OpenVEX (minimal VEX implementation). ([GitHub][12])
* **Vulnerability intelligence format**:

  * OSV schema maps vulnerabilities to package versions/commit ranges. ([OSV.dev][13])

---

## 4. System Overview

### 4.1 Logical architecture

**Core components:**

1. **Ingestion Gateway**

   * Accepts SBOM, VEX, provenance attestations, scan outputs, and configuration inputs.
   * Performs syntactic validation, content hashing, and initial authenticity checks.

2. **Normalization & Identity Resolution**

   * Converts formats (SPDX, CycloneDX, proprietary) into a canonical internal model.
   * Resolves component IDs (purl/CPE/name+version), dependency graph, and artifact digests.

3. **Evidence Store**

   * Content-addressable object store for raw artifacts plus derived artifacts.
   * Append-only metadata index (event log) referencing objects by hash.

4. **Policy & Decision Engine**

   * Deterministic evaluation engine for risk policy.
   * Produces a decision plus a structured explanation and “unknowns.”

5. **Attestation & Export Service**

   * Packages decisions and evidence references as signed statements (DSSE/in‑toto compatible). ([GitHub][7])
   * Optional transparency publication (e.g., Rekor or private transparency log). ([Sigstore][8])

### 4.2 Trust boundaries

**Primary trust boundaries:**

* **TB‑1:** External submitter → Ingestion Gateway
* **TB‑2:** Customer environment → Platform environment (for hosted)
* **TB‑3:** Policy authoring plane → decision execution plane
* **TB‑4:** Evidence Store (write path) → Evidence Store (read/audit path)
* **TB‑5:** Platform signing keys / KMS / HSM boundary → application services
* **TB‑6:** External intelligence feeds (vulnerability databases, advisories) → internal curated dataset

---

## 5. Threat Model

### 5.1 Methodology

This model combines:

* **STRIDE** for platform/system threats (spoofing, tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, elevation of privilege).
* **SLSA threat clustering (A–I)** for supply-chain pipeline threats relevant to artifacts being evaluated and to the Platform’s own supply chain. ([SLSA][5])

Threats are evaluated as: **Impact × Likelihood**, with controls grouped into **Prevent / Detect / Respond**.

### 5.2 Assets (what must be protected)

**A‑1: Decision integrity assets**

* Final decision outputs (allow/deny, risk scores, exceptions).
* Decision explanations and traces.
* Policy rules and parameters (including weights/thresholds).

**A‑2: Evidence integrity assets**

* Original input artifacts (SBOM, VEX, provenance, scan outputs).
* Derived artifacts (normalized graphs, reachability proofs, diff outputs).
* Evidence index and chain-of-custody metadata.

**A‑3: Confidentiality assets**

* Customer source code and binaries (if ingested).
* Private SBOMs/VEX that reveal internal dependencies.
* Customer environment identifiers and incident details.

**A‑4: Trust anchor assets**

* Signing keys (decision attestations, evidence hashes, transparency submissions).
* Root of trust configuration (certificate chains, allowed issuers).
* Time source and timestamping configuration.

**A‑5: Availability assets**

* Evidence store accessibility.
* Policy engine uptime.
* Interface endpoints and batch processing capacity.

### 5.3 Threat actors

* **External attacker** seeking to:

  * Push a malicious component into the supply chain,
  * Falsify transparency artifacts,
  * Or compromise the Platform to manipulate decisions/evidence.

* **Malicious insider** (customer or Platform operator) seeking to:

  * Hide vulnerable components,
  * Suppress detections,
  * Or retroactively alter records.

* **Compromised CI/CD or registry** affecting provenance and artifact integrity (SLSA build/distribution threats). ([SLSA][5])

* **Curious but non-malicious parties** who should not gain access to sensitive SBOM details (confidentiality and least privilege).

### 5.4 Key threat scenarios and required mitigations

Below are regulator-relevant threats that materially affect auditability and trust.

---

### T‑1: Spoofing of submitter identity (STRIDE: S)

**Scenario:**
An attacker submits forged SBOM/VEX/provenance claiming to be a trusted supplier.

**Impact:**
Decisions are based on untrusted artifacts; audit trail is misleading.

**Controls (shall):**

* Enforce strong authentication for ingestion (mTLS/OIDC + scoped tokens).
* Require artifact signatures for “trusted supplier” classification; verify signature chain and allowed issuers.
* Bind submitter identity to evidence record at ingestion time (AU-style accountability expectations). ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][4])

**Evidence required:**

* Auth event logs (who/when/what).
* Signature verification results (certificate chain, key ID).
* Hash of submitted artifact (content-addressable ID).

---

### T‑2: Tampering with stored evidence (STRIDE: T)

**Scenario:**
An attacker modifies an SBOM, a reachability artifact, or an evaluation trace after the decision, to change what regulators/auditors see.

**Impact:**
Non-repudiation and auditability collapse; regulator confidence lost.

**Controls (shall):**

* Evidence objects stored as **content-addressed blobs** (hash = identifier).
* **Append-only metadata log** referencing evidence hashes (no in-place edits).
* Cryptographically sign the “evidence package manifest” for each decision.
* Optional transparency log anchoring (public Rekor or private equivalent). ([Sigstore][8])

**Evidence required:**

* Object store digest list and integrity proofs.
* Signed manifest (DSSE envelope recommended to bind payload type). ([GitHub][7])
* Inclusion proof or anchor reference if using a transparency log. ([Sigstore][8])

---

### T‑3: Repudiation of decisions or approvals (STRIDE: R)

**Scenario:**
A policy author or approver claims they did not approve a policy change or a high-risk exception.

**Impact:**
Weak governance; cannot establish accountability.

**Controls (shall):**

* Two-person approval workflow for policy changes and exceptions.
* Immutable audit logs capturing: identity, time, action, object, outcome (aligned with audit record content expectations). ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][4])
* Sign policy versions and exception artifacts.

**Evidence required:**

* Signed policy version artifacts.
* Approval records linked to identity provider logs.
* Change diff + rationale.

---

### T‑4: Information disclosure via SBOM/VEX outputs (STRIDE: I)

**Scenario:**
An auditor-facing export inadvertently reveals proprietary component lists, internal repo URLs, or sensitive dependency relationships.

**Impact:**
Confidentiality breach; contractual/regulatory exposure; risk of targeted exploitation.

**Controls (shall):**

* Role-based access control for evidence and exports.
* Redaction profiles (“regulator view,” “customer view,” “internal view”) with deterministic transformation rules.
* Separate encryption domains (tenant-specific keys).
* Secure export channels; optional offline export bundles for air-gapped review.

**Evidence required:**

* Access-control policy snapshots and enforcement logs.
* Export redaction policy version and redaction transformation log.

---

### T‑5: Denial of service against evaluation pipeline (STRIDE: D)

**Scenario:**
A malicious party floods ingestion endpoints or submits pathological SBOM graphs causing excessive compute and preventing timely decisions.

**Impact:**
Availability and timeliness failures; missed gates/releases.

**Controls (shall):**

* Input size limits, graph complexity limits, and bounded parsing.
* Quotas and rate limiting (per tenant or per submitter).
* Separate async pipeline for heavy analysis; protect decision critical path.

**Evidence required:**

* Rate limit logs and rejection metrics.
* Capacity monitoring evidence (for availability obligations).

---

### T‑6: Elevation of privilege to policy/admin plane (STRIDE: E)

**Scenario:**
An attacker compromises a service account and gains ability to modify policy, disable controls, or access evidence across tenants.

**Impact:**
Complete compromise of decision integrity and confidentiality.

**Controls (shall):**

* Strict separation of duties: policy authoring vs execution vs auditing.
* Least privilege IAM for services (scoped tokens; short-lived credentials).
* Strong hardening of signing key boundary (KMS/HSM boundary; key usage constrained by attestation policy).

**Evidence required:**

* IAM policy snapshots and access review logs.
* Key management logs (rotation, access, signing operations).

---

### T‑7: Supply-chain compromise of artifacts being evaluated (SLSA A–I)

**Scenario:**
The software under evaluation is compromised via source manipulation, build pipeline compromise, dependency compromise, or distribution channel compromise.

**Impact:**
Customer receives malicious/vulnerable software; Platform may miss it without sufficient provenance and identity proofs.

**Controls (should / shall depending on assurance target):**

* Require/provide provenance attestations and verify them against expectations (SLSA-style verification). ([SLSA][5])
* Verify artifact identity by digest and signed provenance.
* Enforce policy constraints for “minimum acceptable provenance” for high-criticality deployments.

**Evidence required:**

* Verified provenance statement(s) (in‑toto compatible) describing how artifacts were produced. ([in-toto][6])
* Build and publication step attestations, with cryptographic binding to artifact digests.
* Evidence of expectation configuration and verification outcomes (SLSA “verification threats” include tampering with expectations). ([SLSA][5])

---

### T‑8: Vulnerability intelligence poisoning / drift

**Scenario:**
The Platform’s vulnerability feed is manipulated or changes over time such that a past decision cannot be reproduced.

**Impact:**
Regulator cannot validate basis of decision at time-of-decision; inconsistent results over time.

**Controls (shall):**

* Snapshot all external intelligence inputs used in an evaluation (source + version + timestamp + digest).
* In offline mode, use curated signed feed bundles and record their hashes.
* Maintain deterministic evaluation by tying each decision to the exact dataset snapshot.

**Evidence required:**

* Feed snapshot manifest (hashes, source identifiers, effective date range).
* Verification record of feed authenticity (signature or trust chain).

(OSV schema design, for example, emphasizes mapping to precise versions/commits; this supports deterministic matching when captured correctly.) ([OSV.dev][13])

---

## 6. Evidence Model

### 6.1 Evidence principles (regulator-grade properties)

All evidence objects in the Platform **shall** satisfy:

1. **Integrity:** Evidence cannot be modified without detection (hashing + immutability).
2. **Authenticity:** Evidence is attributable to its source (signatures, verified identity). 
3. **Traceability:** Decisions link to specific input artifacts and transformation steps.
4. **Reproducibility:** A decision can be replayed deterministically given the same inputs and dataset snapshots.
5. **Non‑repudiation:** Critical actions (policy updates, exceptions, decision signing) are attributable and auditable.
6. **Confidentiality:** Sensitive evidence is access-controlled and export-redactable.
7. **Completeness with “Known Unknowns”:** The Platform explicitly records unknown or unresolved data elements rather than silently dropping them. 

### 6.2 Evidence object taxonomy

The Platform should model evidence as a graph of typed objects.

**E‑1: Input artifact evidence**

* SBOM documents (SPDX/CycloneDX), including dependency relationships and identifiers. 
* VEX documents (CSAF VEX, OpenVEX, CycloneDX VEX) with vulnerability status assertions. 
* Provenance/attestations (SLSA-style provenance, in‑toto statements). ([SLSA][14])
* Scan outputs (SCA, container/image scans, static/dynamic analysis outputs).

**E‑2: Normalization and resolution evidence**

* Parsing/validation logs (schema validation results; warnings).
* Canonical “component graph” and “vulnerability mapping” artifacts.
* Identity resolution records: how name/version/IDs were mapped.

**E‑3: Analysis evidence**

* Vulnerability match outputs (CVE/OSV IDs, version ranges, scoring).
* Reachability artifacts (if supported): call graph results, dependency path proofs, or “not reachable” justification artifacts.
* Diff artifacts: changes between SBOM versions (component added/removed/upgraded; license changes; vulnerability deltas).

**E‑4: Policy and governance evidence**

* Policy definitions and versions (rules, thresholds).
* Exception records with approver identity and rationale.
* Approval workflow records and change control logs.

**E‑5: Decision evidence**

* Decision outcome (e.g., pass/fail/risk tier).
* Deterministic decision trace (which rules fired, which inputs were used).
* Unknowns/assumptions list.
* Signed decision statement + manifest of linked evidence objects.

**E‑6: Operational security evidence**

* Authentication/authorization logs.
* Key management and signing logs.
* Evidence store integrity monitoring logs.
* Incident response records (if applicable).

### 6.3 Common metadata schema (minimum required fields)

Every evidence object **shall** include at least:

* **EvidenceID:** content-addressable ID (e.g., SHA‑256 digest of canonical bytes).
* **EvidenceType:** enumerated type (SBOM, VEX, Provenance, ScanResult, Policy, Decision, etc.).
* **Producer:** tool/system identity that generated the evidence (name, version).
* **Timestamp:** time created + time ingested (with time source information).
* **Subject:** the software artifact(s) the evidence applies to (artifact digest(s), package IDs).
* **Chain links:** parent EvidenceIDs (inputs/precedents).
* **Tenant / confidentiality labels:** access classification and redaction profile applicability.

This aligns with the SBOM minimum elements emphasis on baseline data, automation support, and practices/processes including known unknowns and access control. 

### 6.4 Evidence integrity and signing

**6.4.1 Hashing and immutability**

* Raw evidence artifacts shall be stored as immutable blobs.
* Derived evidence shall be stored as separate immutable blobs.
* The evidence index shall be append-only and reference blobs by hash.

**6.4.2 Signed envelopes and type binding**

* For high-assurance use, the Platform shall sign:

  * Decision statements,
  * Per-decision evidence manifests,
  * Policy versions and exception approvals.
* Use a signing format that binds the **payload type** to the signature to reduce confusion attacks; DSSE is explicitly designed to authenticate both message and type. ([GitHub][7])

**6.4.3 Attestation model**

* Use in‑toto-compatible statements to standardize subjects (artifact digests) and predicates (decision, SBOM, provenance). ([in-toto][6])
* CycloneDX explicitly recognizes an official predicate type for BOM attestations, which can be leveraged for standardized evidence typing. ([CycloneDX][15])

**6.4.4 Transparency anchoring (optional but strong for regulators)**

* Publish signed decision manifests to a transparency log to provide additional tamper-evidence and public verifiability (or use a private transparency log for sensitive contexts). Rekor is Sigstore’s signature transparency log service. ([Sigstore][8])

### 6.5 Evidence for VEX and “not affected” assertions

Because VEX is specifically intended to prevent wasted effort on non-exploitable upstream vulnerabilities and is machine-readable for automation, the Platform must treat VEX as first-class evidence. 

Minimum required behaviors:

* Maintain the original VEX document and signature (if present).
* Track the VEX **status** (not affected / affected / fixed / under investigation) for each vulnerability–product association. 
* If the Platform generates VEX-like conclusions (e.g., “not affected” based on reachability), it shall:

  * Record the analytical basis as evidence (reachability proof, configuration assumptions),
  * Mark the assertion as Platform-authored (not vendor-authored),
  * Provide an explicit confidence level and unknowns.

For CSAF-based VEX documents, the Platform should validate conformance to the CSAF VEX profile requirements. ([OASIS Documents][11])

### 6.6 Reproducibility and determinism controls

Each decision must be reproducible. Therefore each decision record **shall** include:

* **Algorithm version** (policy engine + scoring logic version).
* **Policy version** and policy hash.
* **All inputs by digest** (SBOM/VEX/provenance/scan outputs).
* **External dataset snapshot identifiers** (vulnerability DB snapshot digest(s), advisory feeds, scoring inputs).
* **Execution environment ID** (runtime build of the Platform component that evaluated).
* **Determinism proof fields** (e.g., “random seed = fixed/none”, stable sort order used, canonicalization rules used).

This supports regulator expectations for traceability and for consistent evaluation in supply-chain risk management programs. ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][3])

### 6.7 Retention, legal hold, and audit packaging

**Retention (shall):**

* Evidence packages supporting released decisions must be retained for a defined minimum period (set by sector/regulator/contract), with:

  * Immutable storage and integrity monitoring,
  * Controlled deletion only through approved retention workflows,
  * Legal hold support.

**Audit package export (shall):**
For any decision, the Platform must be able to export an “Audit Package” containing:

1. **Decision statement** (signed)
2. **Evidence manifest** (signed) listing all evidence objects by hash
3. **Inputs** (SBOM/VEX/provenance/etc.) or references to controlled-access retrieval
4. **Transformation chain** (normalization and mapping records)
5. **Policy version and evaluation trace**
6. **External dataset snapshot manifests**
7. **Access-control and integrity verification records** (to prove custody)

---

## 7. Threat-to-Evidence Traceability (Minimal Regulator View)

This section provides a compact mapping from key threat classes to the evidence that must exist to satisfy audit and non-repudiation expectations.

| Threat Class                     | Primary Risk                    | “Must-have” Evidence Outputs                                                                      |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Spoofing submitter               | Untrusted artifacts used        | Auth logs + signature verification + artifact digests                                             |
| Tampering with evidence          | Retroactive manipulation        | Content-addressed evidence + append-only index + signed manifest (+ optional transparency anchor) |
| Repudiation                      | Denial of approval/changes      | Signed policy + approval workflow logs + immutable audit trail                                    |
| Information disclosure           | Sensitive SBOM leakage          | Access-control evidence + redaction policy version + export logs                                  |
| DoS                              | Missed gates / delayed response | Rate limiting logs + capacity metrics + bounded parsing evidence                                  |
| Privilege escalation             | Policy/evidence compromise      | IAM snapshots + key access logs + segregation-of-duty records                                     |
| Supply-chain pipeline compromise | Malicious artifact              | Provenance attestations + verification results + artifact digest binding                          |
| Vulnerability feed drift         | Non-reproducible decisions      | Feed snapshot manifests + digests + authenticity verification                                     |

(Where the threat concerns the wider software supply chain, SLSA’s threat taxonomy provides an established clustering for where pipeline threats occur and the role of verification. ([SLSA][5]))

---

## 8. Governance, Control Testing, and Continuous Compliance

To be regulator-grade, the Platform’s security and evidence integrity controls must be governed and tested.

### 8.1 Governance expectations

* Maintain a control mapping to a recognized catalog (e.g., NIST SP 800‑53) for access control, auditing, integrity, and supply-chain risk management. ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][4])
* Maintain a supply-chain risk posture aligned with C‑SCRM guidance (e.g., NIST SP 800‑161 Rev.1). ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][3])
* Align secure development practices to SSDF expectations and terminology, noting SSDF has an active Rev.1 IPD (v1.2) publication process at NIST. ([NIST Computer Security Resource Center][2])

### 8.2 Control testing (shall)

At minimum, perform and retain evidence of:

* Periodic integrity tests of evidence store immutability and hash verification.
* Key management audits (signing operations, rotation, restricted usage).
* Access review audits (especially multi-tenant isolation).
* Reproducibility tests: re-run evaluation from historical evidence package and confirm identical results.

---

## Appendix A: Example Signed Decision Statement Structure (Conceptual)

This is a conceptual structure (not a normative schema) showing the minimum linkage needed:

* **Subject:** artifact digest(s) + identifiers
* **Predicate type:** `.../decision` (Platform-defined)
* **Predicate:** decision outcome + rationale + policy hash + dataset snapshot hashes
* **Envelope:** DSSE signature with payload type binding ([GitHub][7])
* **Optional transparency anchor:** Rekor entry UUID / inclusion proof ([Sigstore][8])

---

## Appendix B: Practical Notes for SBOM/VEX Interoperability

* Support both SPDX and CycloneDX ingestion and preservation; both are referenced in SBOM minimum elements discussion and are widely used. 
* Treat CSAF VEX and OpenVEX as acceptable VEX carriers; validate schema and preserve original artifacts. ([OASIS Documents][11])
* Capture “known unknowns” explicitly rather than forcing false precision; this is part of SBOM minimum elements’ practices/processes framing and is directly relevant to regulator-grade audit transparency. 

---

## What you can do next with this model

If you want, I can produce any of the following artifacts derived directly from this model (without changing its underlying assertions):

1. A **control-to-evidence crosswalk** (NIST 800‑53 / SSDF / C‑SCRM oriented).
2. A **test plan** (control testing, evidence integrity validation, reproducibility drills).
3. A **formal evidence schema** (JSON schema for evidence objects + DSSE envelopes + manifest format).
4. A **regulator-ready “Audit Package” template** you can hand to third parties (including redaction tiers).

[1]: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/08/22/2025-16147/request-for-comment-on-2025-minimum-elements-for-a-software-bill-of-materials "
      Federal Register
       \:: 
      Request for Comment on 2025 Minimum Elements for a Software Bill of Materials
    "
[2]: https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/218/r1/ipd "SP 800-218 Rev. 1, Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.2: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities | CSRC"
[3]: https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/161/r1/final "SP 800-161 Rev. 1, Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations | CSRC"
[4]: https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/53/r5/upd1/final "SP 800-53 Rev. 5, Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations | CSRC"
[5]: https://slsa.dev/spec/v1.1/threats "SLSA • Threats & mitigations"
[6]: https://in-toto.io/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "in-toto"
[7]: https://github.com/secure-systems-lab/dsse?utm_source=chatgpt.com "DSSE: Dead Simple Signing Envelope"
[8]: https://docs.sigstore.dev/logging/overview/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Rekor"
[9]: https://github.com/CycloneDX/specification?utm_source=chatgpt.com "CycloneDX/specification"
[10]: https://www.iso.org/standard/81870.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "ISO/IEC 5962:2021 - SPDX® Specification V2.2.1"
[11]: https://docs.oasis-open.org/csaf/csaf/v2.0/os/csaf-v2.0-os.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Common Security Advisory Framework Version 2.0 - Index of /"
[12]: https://github.com/openvex/spec?utm_source=chatgpt.com "OpenVEX Specification"
[13]: https://osv.dev/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "OSV - Open Source Vulnerabilities"
[14]: https://slsa.dev/spec/v1.0-rc1/provenance?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Provenance"
[15]: https://cyclonedx.org/specification/overview/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Specification Overview"