using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Subjects;
using System.Text.Json;

namespace StellaOps.FeatureFlags;

/// <summary>
/// Composite feature flag service that aggregates flags from multiple providers.
/// Providers are checked in priority order; first match wins.
/// </summary>
public sealed class CompositeFeatureFlagService : IFeatureFlagService, IDisposable
{
    private readonly IReadOnlyList<IFeatureFlagProvider> _providers;
    private readonly FeatureFlagOptions _options;
    private readonly ILogger<CompositeFeatureFlagService> _logger;
    private readonly MemoryCache _cache;
    private readonly Subject<FeatureFlagChangedEvent> _changeSubject;
    private readonly CancellationTokenSource _watchCts;
    private readonly List<Task> _watchTasks;
    private bool _disposed;

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a new composite feature flag service.
    /// </summary>
    public CompositeFeatureFlagService(
        IEnumerable<IFeatureFlagProvider> providers,
        IOptions<FeatureFlagOptions> options,
        ILogger<CompositeFeatureFlagService> logger)
    {
        _providers = providers.OrderBy(p => p.Priority).ToList();
        _options = options.Value;
        _logger = logger;
        _cache = new MemoryCache(new MemoryCacheOptions());
        _changeSubject = new Subject<FeatureFlagChangedEvent>();
        _watchCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
        _watchTasks = [];

        // Start watching providers that support it
        StartWatching();

        _logger.LogInformation(
            "CompositeFeatureFlagService initialized with {ProviderCount} providers: {Providers}",
            _providers.Count,
            string.Join(", ", _providers.Select(p => $"{p.Name}(priority={p.Priority})")));
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public IObservable<FeatureFlagChangedEvent> OnFlagChanged => _changeSubject.AsObservable();

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public Task<bool> IsEnabledAsync(string flagKey, CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        return IsEnabledAsync(flagKey, FeatureFlagEvaluationContext.Empty, ct);
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public async Task<bool> IsEnabledAsync(
        string flagKey,
        FeatureFlagEvaluationContext context,
        CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        var result = await EvaluateAsync(flagKey, context, ct);
        return result.Enabled;
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public async Task<FeatureFlagResult> EvaluateAsync(
        string flagKey,
        FeatureFlagEvaluationContext? context = null,
        CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        context ??= FeatureFlagEvaluationContext.Empty;

        // Check cache first
        var cacheKey = GetCacheKey(flagKey, context);
        if (_options.EnableCaching && _cache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out FeatureFlagResult? cached) && cached is not null)
        {
            if (_options.EnableLogging)
            {
                _logger.LogDebug("Flag '{FlagKey}' returned from cache: {Enabled}", flagKey, cached.Enabled);
            }
            return cached;
        }

        // Try each provider in priority order
        foreach (var provider in _providers)
        {
            try
            {
                var result = await provider.TryGetFlagAsync(flagKey, context, ct);
                if (result is not null)
                {
                    // Cache the result
                    if (_options.EnableCaching)
                    {
                        _cache.Set(cacheKey, result, _options.CacheDuration);
                    }

                    if (_options.EnableLogging)
                    {
                        _logger.LogDebug(
                            "Flag '{FlagKey}' evaluated by {Provider}: Enabled={Enabled}, Reason={Reason}",
                            flagKey, provider.Name, result.Enabled, result.Reason);
                    }

                    return result;
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger.LogWarning(ex,
                    "Provider {Provider} failed to evaluate flag '{FlagKey}'",
                    provider.Name, flagKey);
            }
        }

        // No provider had the flag, return default
        var defaultResult = new FeatureFlagResult(
            flagKey,
            _options.DefaultValue,
            null,
            "Flag not found in any provider",
            "default");

        if (_options.EnableLogging)
        {
            _logger.LogDebug(
                "Flag '{FlagKey}' not found, using default: {Default}",
                flagKey, _options.DefaultValue);
        }

        return defaultResult;
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public async Task<T> GetVariantAsync<T>(
        string flagKey,
        T defaultValue,
        FeatureFlagEvaluationContext? context = null,
        CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        var result = await EvaluateAsync(flagKey, context, ct);

        if (result.Variant is null)
        {
            return defaultValue;
        }

        try
        {
            // Handle direct type match
            if (result.Variant is T typedValue)
            {
                return typedValue;
            }

            // Handle JSON string variant
            if (result.Variant is string jsonString)
            {
                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(jsonString) ?? defaultValue;
            }

            // Handle JsonElement variant
            if (result.Variant is JsonElement jsonElement)
            {
                return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(jsonElement.GetRawText()) ?? defaultValue;
            }

            // Try conversion
            return (T)Convert.ChangeType(result.Variant, typeof(T));
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogWarning(ex,
                "Failed to convert variant for flag '{FlagKey}' to type {Type}",
                flagKey, typeof(T).Name);
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public async Task<IReadOnlyList<FeatureFlagDefinition>> ListFlagsAsync(CancellationToken ct = default)
    {
        var allFlags = new Dictionary<string, FeatureFlagDefinition>();

        foreach (var provider in _providers)
        {
            try
            {
                var flags = await provider.ListFlagsAsync(ct);
                foreach (var flag in flags)
                {
                    // First provider to define a flag wins (priority order)
                    if (!allFlags.ContainsKey(flag.Key))
                    {
                        allFlags[flag.Key] = flag;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger.LogWarning(ex, "Provider {Provider} failed to list flags", provider.Name);
            }
        }

        return allFlags.Values.OrderBy(f => f.Key).ToList();
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void InvalidateCache(string? flagKey = null)
    {
        if (flagKey is null)
        {
            // Clear all cached values
            _cache.Compact(1.0);
            _logger.LogDebug("All feature flag cache entries invalidated");
        }
        else
        {
            // We can't easily invalidate a single key with all contexts,
            // so we compact the entire cache
            _cache.Compact(1.0);
            _logger.LogDebug("Feature flag cache invalidated for key '{FlagKey}'", flagKey);
        }
    }

    private void StartWatching()
    {
        foreach (var provider in _providers.Where(p => p.SupportsWatch))
        {
            var task = Task.Run(async () =>
            {
                try
                {
                    await foreach (var change in provider.WatchAsync(_watchCts.Token))
                    {
                        // Invalidate cache for changed flag
                        InvalidateCache(change.Key);

                        // Publish change event
                        _changeSubject.OnNext(change);

                        if (_options.EnableLogging)
                        {
                            _logger.LogInformation(
                                "Flag '{FlagKey}' changed from {OldValue} to {NewValue} (source: {Source})",
                                change.Key, change.OldValue, change.NewValue, change.Source);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException) when (_watchCts.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
                    // Expected during shutdown
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error watching provider {Provider}", provider.Name);
                }
            });

            _watchTasks.Add(task);
        }
    }

    private static string GetCacheKey(string flagKey, FeatureFlagEvaluationContext context)
    {
        // Include relevant context in cache key
        var contextHash = HashCode.Combine(
            context.UserId,
            context.TenantId,
            context.Environment);
        return $"ff:{flagKey}:{contextHash}";
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (_disposed)
            return;

        _watchCts.Cancel();
        _watchCts.Dispose();

        try
        {
            Task.WaitAll([.. _watchTasks], TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
        }
        catch (AggregateException)
        {
            // Ignore cancellation exceptions
        }

        _changeSubject.Dispose();
        _cache.Dispose();

        _disposed = true;
    }
}