# Cosign Verification Examples

This document provides examples for verifying StellaOps DSSE attestations using Sigstore cosign.

## Prerequisites

### Install Cosign

```bash
# macOS
brew install cosign

# Linux (download latest release)
curl -sSfL https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/releases/latest/download/cosign-linux-amd64 -o cosign
chmod +x cosign
sudo mv cosign /usr/local/bin/

# Windows (download from releases page)
# https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/releases

# Verify installation
cosign version
```

### Required Files

| File | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `attestation.json` | DSSE envelope exported from StellaOps |
| `public.key` | Public key for keyful verification |
| `trusted_root.json` | Sigstore TUF root for keyless verification |

## Export Attestation from StellaOps

```bash
# Export attestation for a specific artifact
stellaops attestation export \
  --artifact sha256:abc123... \
  --output attestation.json

# Export with certificate chain
stellaops attestation export \
  --artifact sha256:abc123... \
  --include-certificate-chain \
  --output attestation-bundle.json

# Export as Sigstore bundle
stellaops attestation export \
  --artifact sha256:abc123... \
  --format sigstore-bundle \
  --output attestation.sigstore.json
```

## Keyful Verification (KMS/HSM Keys)

### Verify with Public Key

```bash
# Basic verification
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...

# Verify from exported attestation file
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  --attestation attestation.json \
  sha256:abc123...
```

### Verify with KMS Key

```bash
# AWS KMS
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key awskms:///arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789:key/abc-123 \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...

# GCP KMS
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key gcpkms://projects/my-project/locations/global/keyRings/my-ring/cryptoKeys/my-key \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...

# Azure Key Vault
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key azurekms://mykeyvault.vault.azure.net/keys/mykey \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...

# HashiCorp Vault
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key hashivault://transit/keys/my-key \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Keyless Verification (Fulcio/OIDC)

### Verify with Certificate Identity

```bash
# Verify with issuer and subject
cosign verify-attestation \
  --certificate-identity "signer@example.com" \
  --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://accounts.google.com" \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...

# Verify with identity regex
cosign verify-attestation \
  --certificate-identity-regexp ".*@stellaops\.io" \
  --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://github.com/login/oauth" \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...
```

### Verify GitHub Actions Workload Identity

```bash
cosign verify-attestation \
  --certificate-identity "https://github.com/org/repo/.github/workflows/build.yml@refs/heads/main" \
  --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com" \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Verify Specific Predicate Types

### StellaOps Attestation Types

```bash
# Verify SBOM attestation
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type "https://spdx.dev/Document" \
  sha256:abc123...

# Verify SLSA Provenance
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type "https://slsa.dev/provenance/v1" \
  sha256:abc123...

# Verify StellaOps scan results
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/scan-results/v1" \
  sha256:abc123...

# Verify StellaOps policy evaluation
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/policy-evaluation/v1" \
  sha256:abc123...

# Verify graph root attestation
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/graph-root/v1" \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Offline Verification

### Verify with Cached Bundle

```bash
# Verify using a Sigstore bundle (includes certificate and Rekor entry)
cosign verify-attestation \
  --bundle attestation.sigstore.json \
  --certificate-identity "signer@example.com" \
  --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://accounts.google.com" \
  sha256:abc123...
```

### Verify with Local TUF Root

```bash
# Initialize TUF root (run once)
cosign initialize --mirror https://tuf-repo.sigstore.dev --root root.json

# Verify using local TUF data
SIGSTORE_ROOT_FILE=trusted_root.json \
cosign verify-attestation \
  --certificate-identity "signer@example.com" \
  --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://accounts.google.com" \
  sha256:abc123...
```

### Air-Gapped Verification

```bash
# 1. On connected machine: download required artifacts
cosign download attestation sha256:abc123... > attestation.json
cosign download signature sha256:abc123... > signature.sig

# 2. Transfer files to air-gapped environment

# 3. On air-gapped machine: verify with public key
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --offline \
  --type custom \
  --attestation attestation.json \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Verify with Policy

### CUE Policy

```cue
// policy.cue
package attestation

predicateType: "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/scan-results/v1"
predicate: {
    severity: *"low" | "medium" | "high" | "critical"
    vulnerabilities: [...{
        id: =~"^CVE-"
        severity: !="critical"
    }]
}
```

```bash
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  --policy policy.cue \
  sha256:abc123...
```

### Rego Policy

```rego
# policy.rego
package attestation

default allow = false

allow {
    input.predicateType == "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/policy-evaluation/v1"
    input.predicate.verdict == "PASS"
    input.predicate.score >= 7.0
}
```

```bash
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  --policy policy.rego \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Multi-Signature Verification

```bash
# Verify that multiple signatures are present
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key builder.pub \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123... && \
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key witness.pub \
  --type custom \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Output Formats

### JSON Output

```bash
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  --output-file verification-result.json \
  sha256:abc123...
```

### Text Output with Details

```bash
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  -v \
  sha256:abc123...
```

## Troubleshooting

### Common Errors

| Error | Cause | Solution |
|-------|-------|----------|
| `no matching attestation found` | No attestation attached to image | Verify attestation was uploaded |
| `key verification failed` | Wrong key or corrupted signature | Check key matches signer |
| `certificate expired` | Signing certificate past validity | Use Rekor timestamp verification |
| `OIDC issuer mismatch` | Wrong issuer in verify command | Check certificate's issuer field |
| `predicate type mismatch` | Wrong --type argument | Use correct predicate URI |

### Debug Commands

```bash
# List all attestations on an image
cosign tree sha256:abc123...

# Download and inspect attestation
cosign download attestation sha256:abc123... | jq .

# Verify with verbose output
cosign verify-attestation \
  --key public.key \
  --type custom \
  -v \
  sha256:abc123... 2>&1 | tee verify.log

# Check certificate chain
cosign download attestation sha256:abc123... | \
  jq -r '.payload' | base64 -d | jq -r '.subject'
```

### Verify Certificate Details

```bash
# Extract and inspect the signing certificate
cosign download attestation sha256:abc123... | \
  jq -r '.signatures[0].cert' | base64 -d | \
  openssl x509 -noout -text
```

## Integration with CI/CD

### GitHub Actions

```yaml
- name: Verify attestation
  uses: sigstore/cosign-installer@main

- name: Verify StellaOps attestation
  run: |
    cosign verify-attestation \
      --certificate-identity "https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/.github/workflows/build.yml@${{ github.ref }}" \
      --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com" \
      --type "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/scan-results/v1" \
      ${{ env.IMAGE_DIGEST }}
```

### GitLab CI

```yaml
verify-attestation:
  image: bitnami/cosign:latest
  script:
    - cosign verify-attestation
        --certificate-identity "https://gitlab.com/${CI_PROJECT_PATH}/.gitlab-ci.yml@${CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME}"
        --certificate-oidc-issuer "https://gitlab.com"
        --type "https://stella-ops.org/attestation/scan-results/v1"
        ${IMAGE_DIGEST}
```

## Related Documentation

- [DSSE Round-Trip Verification](./dsse-roundtrip-verification.md)
- [Transparency Log Integration](./transparency.md)
- [Air-Gap Operation](./airgap.md)
- [Sigstore Documentation](https://docs.sigstore.dev)