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docs/modules/provenance/guides/inline-dsse.md
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docs/modules/provenance/guides/inline-dsse.md
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# Inline DSSE Provenance
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> **Status:** Draft – aligns with the November 2025 advisory “store DSSE attestation refs inline on every SBOM/VEX event node.”
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> **Owners:** Authority Guild · Feedser Guild · Platform Guild · Docs Guild.
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This document defines how Stella Ops records provenance for SBOM, VEX, scan, and derived events: every event node in the PostgreSQL event store includes DSSE + Rekor references and verification metadata so audits and replay become first-class queries.
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---
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## 1. Event patch (PostgreSQL schema)
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```jsonc
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{
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"_id": "evt_...",
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"kind": "SBOM|VEX|SCAN|INGEST|DERIVED",
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"subject": {
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"purl": "pkg:nuget/example@1.2.3",
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"digest": { "sha256": "..." },
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"version": "1.2.3"
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},
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"provenance": {
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"dsse": {
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"envelopeDigest": "sha256:...",
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"payloadType": "application/vnd.in-toto+json",
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"key": {
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"keyId": "cosign:SHA256-PKIX:ABC...",
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"issuer": "fulcio",
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"algo": "ECDSA"
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},
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"rekor": {
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"logIndex": 1234567,
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"uuid": "b3f0...",
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"integratedTime": 1731081600,
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"mirrorSeq": 987654 // optional
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},
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"chain": [
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{ "type": "build", "id": "att:build#...", "digest": "sha256:..." },
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{ "type": "sbom", "id": "att:sbom#...", "digest": "sha256:..." }
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]
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}
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},
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"trust": {
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"verified": true,
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"verifier": "Authority@stella",
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"witnesses": 1,
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"policyScore": 0.92
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},
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"ts": "2025-11-11T12:00:00Z"
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}
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```
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### Key fields
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| Field | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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| `provenance.dsse.envelopeDigest` | SHA-256 of the DSSE envelope (not payload). |
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| `provenance.dsse.payloadType` | Usually `application/vnd.in-toto+json`. |
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| `provenance.dsse.key` | Key fingerprint / issuer / algorithm. |
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| `provenance.dsse.rekor` | Rekor transparency log metadata (index, UUID, integrated time). |
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| `provenance.dsse.chain` | Optional chain of dependent attestations (build → sbom → scan). |
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| `trust.*` | Result of local verification (DSSE signature, Rekor proof, policy). |
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---
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## 2. Write path (ingest flow)
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1. **Obtain provenance metadata** for each attested artifact (build, SBOM, VEX, scan). The CI script (`scripts/publish_attestation_with_provenance.sh`) captures `envelopeDigest`, Rekor `logIndex`/`uuid`, and key info.
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2. **Authority/Feedser** verify the DSSE + Rekor proof (local cosign/rekor libs or the Signer service) and set `trust.verified = true`, `trust.verifier = "Authority@stella"`, `trust.witnesses = 1`.
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3. **Attach** the provenance block before appending the event to PostgreSQL, using `StellaOps.Provenance.Postgres` helpers.
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4. **Backfill** historical events by resolving known subjects → attestation digests and running an update script.
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### 2.1 Supplying metadata from Concelier statements
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Concelier ingestion jobs can now inline provenance when they create advisory statements. Add an `AdvisoryProvenance` entry with `kind = "dsse"` (or `dsse-metadata` / `attestation-dsse`) and set `value` to the same JSON emitted by the CI snippet. `AdvisoryEventLog` and `AdvisoryMergeService` automatically parse that entry, hydrate `AdvisoryStatementInput.Provenance/Trust`, and persist the metadata alongside the statement.
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```json
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{
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"source": "attestor",
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"kind": "dsse",
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"value": "{ \"dsse\": { \"envelopeDigest\": \"sha256:…\", \"payloadType\": \"application/vnd.in-toto+json\" }, \"trust\": { \"verified\": true, \"verifier\": \"Authority@stella\" } }",
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"recordedAt": "2025-11-10T00:00:00Z"
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}
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```
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Providing the metadata during ingestion keeps new statements self-contained and reduces the surface that the `/events/statements/{statementId}/provenance` endpoint needs to backfill later.
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Reference helper: `src/__Libraries/StellaOps.Provenance.Postgres/ProvenancePostgresExtensions.cs`.
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---
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### 2.2 Advisory AI structured chunk schema (GHSA/Cisco parity)
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Advisory AI consumes the canonical `Advisory` aggregate and emits structured chunks that mirror GHSA GraphQL and Cisco PSIRT provenance anchors. The response contract is:
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```jsonc
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{
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"advisoryKey": "CVE-2025-0001",
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"fingerprint": "<sha256 of canonical advisory>",
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"total": 3,
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"truncated": false,
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"entries": [
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{
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"type": "workaround", // sorted by (type, observationPath, documentId)
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"chunkId": "c0ffee12", // sha256(advisory.observationId + observationPath)[:16]
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"content": { /* structured field */ },
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"provenance": {
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"documentId": "tenant-a:chunk:newest", // PostgreSQL id of backing observation
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"observationPath": "/references/0", // JSON Pointer into the observation
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"source": "nvd",
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"kind": "workaround",
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"value": "tenant-a:chunk:newest",
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"recordedAt": "2025-01-07T00:00:00Z",
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"fieldMask": ["/references/0"]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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```
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Determinism requirements:
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- Order entries by `(type, observationPath, documentId)` to keep cache keys stable across nodes.
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- Always include the advisory `fingerprint` in cache keys and responses.
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- Preserve observation-level provenance by emitting both `documentId` and `observationPath` under `provenance`.
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These anchors let Attestor/Console deep-link evidence and allow offline mirrors to prove origin without merging transforms.
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---
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## 3. CI/CD snippet
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See `scripts/publish_attestation_with_provenance.sh`:
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```bash
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rekor-cli upload --rekor_server "$REKOR_URL" \
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--artifact "$ATTEST_PATH" --type dsse --format json > rekor-upload.json
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LOG_INDEX=$(jq '.LogIndex' rekor-upload.json)
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UUID=$(jq -r '.UUID' rekor-upload.json)
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ENVELOPE_SHA256=$(sha256sum "$ATTEST_PATH" | awk '{print $1}')
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cat > provenance-meta.json <<EOF
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{
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"subject": { "imageRef": "$IMAGE_REF", "digest": { "sha256": "$IMAGE_DIGEST" } },
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"dsse": {
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"envelopeDigest": "sha256:$ENVELOPE_SHA256",
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"payloadType": "application/vnd.in-toto+json",
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"key": { "keyId": "$KEY_ID", "issuer": "$KEY_ISSUER", "algo": "$KEY_ALGO" },
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"rekor": { "logIndex": $LOG_INDEX, "uuid": "$UUID", "integratedTime": $(jq '.IntegratedTime' rekor-upload.json) }
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}
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}
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EOF
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```
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Feedser ingests this JSON and maps it to `DsseProvenance` + `TrustInfo`.
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---
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## 4. PostgreSQL indexes
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Create indexes to keep provenance queries fast (PostgreSQL DDL):
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```sql
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-- events_by_subject_kind_provenance
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CREATE INDEX events_by_subject_kind_provenance
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ON events (subject_digest_sha256, kind, provenance_dsse_rekor_log_index);
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-- events_unproven_by_kind
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CREATE INDEX events_unproven_by_kind
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ON events (kind, trust_verified, provenance_dsse_rekor_log_index);
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-- events_by_rekor_logindex
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CREATE INDEX events_by_rekor_logindex
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ON events (provenance_dsse_rekor_log_index);
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-- events_by_envelope_digest (partial index for non-null values)
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CREATE INDEX events_by_envelope_digest
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ON events (provenance_dsse_envelope_digest)
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WHERE provenance_dsse_envelope_digest IS NOT NULL;
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-- events_by_ts_kind_verified
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CREATE INDEX events_by_ts_kind_verified
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ON events (ts DESC, kind, trust_verified);
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```
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Deployment options:
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- **Ops script:** `psql -d stellaops_db -f ops/postgres/indices/events_provenance_indices.sql`
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- **C# helper:** `PostgresIndexes.EnsureEventIndexesAsync(connection, ct)`
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This section was updated as part of `PROV-INDEX-401-030` (completed 2025-11-27).
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---
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## 5. Query recipes
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* **All proven VEX for an image digest:**
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```sql
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SELECT * FROM events
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WHERE kind = 'VEX'
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AND subject_digest_sha256 = '<digest>'
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AND provenance_dsse_rekor_log_index IS NOT NULL
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AND trust_verified = true;
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```
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* **Compliance gap (unverified data used for decisions):**
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```sql
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SELECT kind, COUNT(*) as count
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FROM events
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WHERE kind IN ('VEX', 'SBOM', 'SCAN')
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AND (trust_verified IS NOT TRUE
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OR provenance_dsse_rekor_log_index IS NULL)
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GROUP BY kind;
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```
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* **Replay slice:** filter for events where `provenance.dsse.chain` covers build → sbom → scan and export referenced attestation digests.
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---
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## 6. Policy gates
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Examples:
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```yaml
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rules:
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- id: GATE-PROVEN-VEX
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when:
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all:
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- kind: "VEX"
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- trust.verified: true
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- key.keyId in VendorAllowlist
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- rekor.integratedTime <= releaseFreeze
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then:
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decision: ALLOW
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- id: BLOCK-UNPROVEN
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when:
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any:
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- trust.verified != true
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- provenance.dsse.rekor.logIndex missing
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then:
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decision: FAIL
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reason: "Unproven evidence influences decision; require Rekor-backed attestation."
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```
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---
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## 7. UI nudges
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* **Provenance chip** on findings/events: `Verified • Rekor#1234567 • KeyID:cosign:...` (click → inclusion proof & DSSE preview).
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* Facet filter: `Provenance = Verified / Missing / Key-Policy-Mismatch`.
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---
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## 8. Implementation tasks
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| Task ID | Scope |
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|---------|-------|
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| `PROV-INLINE-401-028` | Extend Authority/Feedser write-paths to attach `provenance.dsse` + `trust` blocks using `StellaOps.Provenance.Postgres`. |
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| `PROV-BACKFILL-401-029` | Backfill historical events with DSSE/Rekor refs based on existing attestation digests. |
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| `PROV-INDEX-401-030` | Create PostgreSQL indexes and expose helper queries for audits. |
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Keep this document updated when new attestation types or mirror/witness policies land.
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---
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## 9. Feedser API for provenance updates
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Feedser exposes a lightweight endpoint for attaching provenance after an event is recorded:
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```
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POST /events/statements/{statementId}/provenance
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Headers: X-Stella-Tenant, Authorization (if Authority is enabled)
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Body: { "dsse": { ... }, "trust": { ... } }
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```
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The body matches the JSON emitted by `publish_attestation_with_provenance.sh`. Feedser validates the payload, ensures `trust.verified = true`, and then calls `AttachStatementProvenanceAsync` so the DSSE metadata lands inline on the target statement. Clients receive HTTP 202 on success, 400 on malformed input, and 404 if the statement id is unknown.
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---
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## 10. Backfill service
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`EventProvenanceBackfillService` (`src/StellaOps.Events.Postgres/EventProvenanceBackfillService.cs`) orchestrates backfilling historical events with DSSE provenance metadata.
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### 10.1 Components
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| Class | Purpose |
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|-------|---------|
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| `IAttestationResolver` | Interface for resolving attestation metadata by subject digest. |
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| `EventProvenanceBackfillService` | Queries unproven events, resolves attestations, updates events. |
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| `StubAttestationResolver` | Test/development stub implementation. |
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### 10.2 Usage
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```csharp
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var resolver = new MyAttestationResolver(rekorClient, attestationRepo);
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var backfillService = new EventProvenanceBackfillService(postgresConnection, resolver);
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// Count unproven events
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var count = await backfillService.CountUnprovenEventsAsync(
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new[] { "SBOM", "VEX", "SCAN" });
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// Backfill with progress reporting
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var progress = new Progress<BackfillResult>(r =>
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Console.WriteLine($"{r.EventId}: {r.Status}"));
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var summary = await backfillService.BackfillAllAsync(
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kinds: new[] { "SBOM", "VEX", "SCAN" },
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limit: 1000,
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progress: progress);
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Console.WriteLine($"Processed: {summary.TotalProcessed}");
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Console.WriteLine($"Success: {summary.SuccessCount}");
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Console.WriteLine($"Not found: {summary.NotFoundCount}");
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Console.WriteLine($"Errors: {summary.ErrorCount}");
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```
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### 10.3 Implementing IAttestationResolver
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Implementations should query the attestation store (Rekor, CAS, or local PostgreSQL) by subject digest:
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```csharp
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public class RekorAttestationResolver : IAttestationResolver
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{
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private readonly IRekorClient _rekor;
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private readonly IAttestationRepository _attestations;
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public async Task<AttestationResolution?> ResolveAsync(
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string subjectDigestSha256,
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string eventKind,
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CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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// Look up attestation by subject digest
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var record = await _attestations.GetAsync(subjectDigestSha256, eventKind, cancellationToken);
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if (record is null) return null;
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// Fetch Rekor proof if available
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var proof = await _rekor.GetProofAsync(record.RekorUuid, RekorBackend.Sigstore, cancellationToken);
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return new AttestationResolution
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{
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Dsse = new DsseProvenance { /* ... */ },
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Trust = new TrustInfo { Verified = true, Verifier = "Authority@stella" },
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AttestationId = record.Id
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};
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}
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}
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```
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### 10.4 Reference files
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- `src/StellaOps.Events.Postgres/IAttestationResolver.cs`
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- `src/StellaOps.Events.Postgres/EventProvenanceBackfillService.cs`
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- `src/StellaOps.Events.Postgres/StubAttestationResolver.cs`
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This section was added as part of `PROV-BACKFILL-401-029` (completed 2025-11-27).
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